Finite Element Analysis
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a technique used to analyse the behaviour of complex structures like aircraft. Put simply, it breaks a system down into small elements whose interaction can be resolved digitally by computer. Immense computing power is required, especially as Celestion's use of the technique to analyse loudspeaker performance includes simulating the air mass in which the speaker operates as well as the speaker itself. This allows Celestion engineers to predict with great accuracy the diffraction effects of the cabinet and other mechanical components - a virtually impossible task by any other method. The design of the three Celestion ranges has been heavily influenced by this pioneering work.

Another advantage of FEA is that the effects of production tolerances can be determined before production begins, allowing extremely high specification units like the A Series tweeter to be manufactured in confidence.

The technique is now being applied to the design of cone profiles and the surrounds, as well as the elimination of diffraction effects from physical discontinuities near the drive units. Celestion's use of rounded side cheeks on the cabinets and elliptical (rather than circular) tweeter fascias are the outcome of such studies.
 Boundary Element Analysis

Another modelling technique, Boundary Element Analysis, is used for analysing and optimising magnetic structures. This allows optimisation of the magnetic structures prior to producing physical prototypes. Typically, parameters will be adapted to achieve the desired gap flux profile and minimise stray flux.